唐慎微
Tang Shenwei
人物简介
《证类本草》荟萃历代杜仲文献，为杜仲古籍记载总汇。
事迹
唐慎微（约1056—1136），字审元，成都华阳人，北宋民间医家、本草学集大成者。他以《嘉祐本草》《本草图经》为基础，广采经史子集、佛道典籍中药物资料，撰成《证类本草》31卷，收药1748种。
《证类本草》卷十二杜仲条是宋以前杜仲文献的完整档案：正文录《本经》《别录》原文，下引陶弘景注、《蜀本图经》、《药性论》、日华子、雷公炮炙法，再附《本草图经》形态描述与《箧中方》、崔元亮《海上方》等杜仲医方。今日研究杜仲2000年药用史，最基本的一手文献即出自此条。
重要活动 / 事件
- 长期在成都行医，为求方书常为士人免费诊疗，'得一方一论必录'
- 《证类本草》后由官府修订为《大观本草》《政和本草》《绍兴本草》颁行
- 李时珍称其'使诸家本草及各药单方，垂之千古，不致沦没'
代表贡献
- 约1082—1108年间撰《经史证类备急本草》，集宋以前本草文献之大成
- 杜仲条汇集《本经》《别录》、陶隐居注、《蜀本图经》、《药性论》、《日华子》、《图经》等十数家记载
- 保存崔元亮《海上方》杜仲治肾虚腰痛方等濒临失传的杜仲古方
- 其书为《本草纲目》编纂直接蓝本，杜仲文献链条赖其完整传存
Profile
His Zhenglei Bencao (Classified Materia Medica) assembled the Eucommia records of all previous ages—the grand repository of its ancient literature.
Story
Tang Shenwei (c. 1056–1136), courtesy name Shenyuan, of Huayang in Chengdu, was a Northern Song folk physician and the great synthesizer of materia medica scholarship. Building on the Jiayou Bencao and Bencao Tujing, and drawing drug lore widely from the classics, histories, philosophers, and Buddhist and Daoist canons, he completed the 31-juan Zhenglei Bencao containing 1,748 drugs.
The Eucommia entry in juan 12 of the Zhenglei Bencao is a complete archive of pre-Song Eucommia literature: the main text reproduces Shennong's Classic and the Mingyi Bielu verbatim, followed by quotations of Tao Hongjing's commentary, the Shu-bencao Tujing, the Yaoxing Lun, Rihuazi, and Leigong's processing methods, then appending the morphological description from the Bencao Tujing and Eucommia medical formulas from the Qiezhong Fang and Cui Yuanliang's Haishang Fang. For today's study of Eucommia's 2,000-year medicinal history, the most fundamental primary source is precisely this entry.
Milestones
- Practiced medicine in Chengdu for many years, often treating scholars free of charge to obtain their books of formulas—'recording every formula and treatise obtained'
- The Zhenglei Bencao was later officially revised and issued as the Daguan Bencao, Zhenghe Bencao, and Shaoxing Bencao
- Li Shizhen praised him for 'transmitting the materia medica of all schools and the simple formulas for each drug down through the ages, saving them from oblivion'
Key Contributions
- Between c. 1082 and 1108 wrote the Jingshi Zhenglei Beiji Bencao, the culmination of pre-Song materia medica literature
- Its Eucommia entry assembled more than a dozen sources: Shennong's Classic, the Mingyi Bielu, Tao Hongjing's commentary, the Shu-bencao Tujing, the Yaoxing Lun, Rihuazi, the Bencao Tujing, and others
- Preserved near-lost ancient Eucommia formulas, such as Cui Yuanliang's Haishang Fang prescription for kidney-deficiency lumbar pain
- The book was the direct model for Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica; the chain of Eucommia literature survives intact thanks to it
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