严瑞芳
Yan Ruifang
人物简介
杜仲胶（反式聚异戊二烯）弹性体研究奠基人，创立“杜仲胶材料工程学”。
事迹
杜仲胶与天然橡胶化学组成相同（同为聚异戊二烯），却因分子构型不同（反式 vs 顺式）而长期只能作硬质塑料、难成弹性体。早在1952年，我国便据苏联专家建议在青岛橡胶二厂秘密开展杜仲胶研究，但受制于成本与工艺长期未获突破。1981—1982年，中科院化学所严瑞芳在西德进修期间，以全新的硫化方法在世界上首次将合成杜仲胶制成弹性体，1982年申请、1984年获德国发明专利。
他发现杜仲胶硫化存在“热塑—热弹—橡胶”三个阶段，据此开发出三大类功能材料，创立了“杜仲胶材料工程学”，被美国《高分子材料百科全书》评价为“一系列新理论”并邀其撰写“杜仲胶”专论。他还在世界上首次制成杜仲胶/顺丁胶摩托车轮胎，安全行驶两年胎面仍完好——为杜仲胶从“资源”走向“战略新材料”奠定了理论与工程基础。
重要活动 / 事件
- 1982年在西德申请、1984年获德国发明专利
- 应邀为美国《高分子材料百科全书》撰写“杜仲胶”专论
- 1993年在美国国际橡胶会议作报告，引发国内外关注
代表贡献
- 世界首次将合成杜仲胶制成弹性体（德国发明专利）
- 发现杜仲胶硫化“三阶段”理论
- 创立“杜仲胶材料工程学”
- 世界首制杜仲胶/顺丁胶摩托车轮胎
Profile
Founder of Eucommia-gum (trans-polyisoprene) elastomer science; established “Eucommia-gum materials engineering”.
Story
Eucommia gum shares natural rubber’s chemistry (both polyisoprene) but, being trans rather than cis, long remained a hard plastic rather than an elastomer. In 1981—1982, while studying in West Germany, Yan Ruifang of the CAS Institute of Chemistry became the first in the world to turn synthetic Eucommia gum into an elastomer via a new vulcanization method, filing (1982) and receiving (1984) a German patent.
He found that its vulcanization passes through three stages — thermoplastic, thermo-elastic, rubber — and from this developed three material classes, founding “Eucommia-gum materials engineering”, hailed by the U.S. Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia as “a set of new theories”. He also built the world’s first Eucommia-gum/butadiene motorcycle tire — laying the base for Eucommia gum as a strategic new material.
Milestones
- German invention patent filed 1982, granted 1984
- Authored the Eucommia-gum entry in a U.S. polymer encyclopedia
- Reported at an international rubber conference in the U.S., 1993
Key Contributions
- World-first synthetic Eucommia-gum elastomer (German patent)
- Discovered the “three-stage” vulcanization theory
- Founded “Eucommia-gum materials engineering”
- World’s first Eucommia-gum motorcycle tire
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