陈嘉谟
Chen Jiamo
人物简介
《本草蒙筌》论杜仲主治与'脂厚润者为良'的质量鉴别。
事迹
陈嘉谟（1486—1570），字廷采，号月朋，安徽祁门人，明代新安医学（祁门医派）代表人物。《本草蒙筌》取'蒙以养正'之意，是一部便于初学的本草教材式著作，却以考辨精详著称。
其杜仲条载：'味辛、甘，气平、温。凡为丸散煎汤，最恶玄参蛇蜕。补中强志，益肾添精。腰痛不能屈者神功，足疼不能践者立效。除阴囊湿痒，止小水梦遗。'并以'脂厚润者为良'概括杜仲质量评价要点。现代本草考证指出，这一标准与陶弘景'折之多白丝为佳'共同构成了沿用至今的杜仲传统品质评价体系。
重要活动 / 事件
- 晚年归里祁门，历时多年集前贤本草精要编成《本草蒙筌》
- 书中详论药材产地、采制、炮制与道地性，重实践辨药
- 其书对《本草纲目》编纂有直接影响，李时珍多有引用
代表贡献
- 嘉靖四十四年（1565年）撰成《本草蒙筌》12卷，为明代重要启蒙本草
- 论杜仲：'腰痛不能屈者神功，足疼不能践者立效。除阴囊湿痒，止小水梦遗'
- 提出杜仲品质'脂厚润者为良'，与现代'皮厚为佳'的药材标准一致
- 全书以药性歌诀加按语形式编写，利于杜仲等药物知识的传播普及
Profile
His Bencao Mengquan discussed Eucommia's indications and the quality criterion 'best when fatty, thick, and moist'.
Story
Chen Jiamo (1486–1570), courtesy name Tingcai, hao Yuepeng, of Qimen in Anhui, was a representative of Ming-era Xin'an medicine (the Qimen school). The Bencao Mengquan takes its name from the idea of 'nurturing rectitude through elementary instruction'—a textbook-style materia medica for beginners, yet renowned for meticulous textual discrimination.
Its Eucommia entry reads: 'Pungent and sweet in flavor, neutral to warm in qi. For pills, powders, or decoctions, it most dislikes Xuanshen (Scrophularia) and snake slough. It supplements the center and fortifies the will, benefits the kidney and adds essence. Miraculous for lumbar pain that prevents bending, instantly effective for foot pain that prevents treading. Dispels damp itching of the scrotum and stops frequent urination and dream emissions.' He summarized Eucommia's quality evaluation as 'best when fatty, thick, and moist'. Modern textual research notes that this criterion, together with Tao Hongjing's 'best when breaking reveals abundant white threads', constitutes the traditional Eucommia quality-assessment system still in use today.
Milestones
- Returning to his native Qimen in old age, he spent years distilling the essence of earlier materia medica into the Bencao Mengquan
- The book discusses in detail the provenance, collection, processing, and geo-authenticity of drugs, emphasizing practical drug discrimination
- The book directly influenced the compilation of the Compendium of Materia Medica, which Li Shizhen quoted extensively
Key Contributions
- Completed the 12-juan Bencao Mengquan in 1565 (Jiajing 44), an important introductory materia medica of the Ming
- On Eucommia: 'miraculous for lumbar pain that prevents bending, instantly effective for foot pain that prevents treading; dispels damp itching of the scrotum and stops frequent urination and seminal emission in dreams'
- Proposed the quality criterion 'best when fatty, thick, and moist', consistent with the modern crude-drug standard 'thick bark is best'
- The whole book was written as drug-property verses with commentary, aiding the spread and popularization of drug knowledge including Eucommia
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