欧内斯特·亨利·威尔逊
Ernest Henry Wilson
人物简介
两次在中国采集杜仲种子苗木，奠定杜仲在西方园林的引种基础。
事迹
威尔逊1876年生于英国，先后受雇于维奇苗圃与哈佛大学阿诺德树木园，四次赴中国采集，引种珙桐、连香树等上千种植物。杜仲是其重要采集对象之一：1900年他在鄂西为宜昌附近栽培的杜仲采得629号材料，1907年又以W 383号为阿诺德树木园补采，使杜仲在欧美园林中扎下根基。
值得注意的是，威尔逊在华期间从未见过真正野生的杜仲，只见农户宅旁栽培的大树。他在记录中指出剥取树皮会致树死亡，这解释了杜仲野外罕见的原因。阿诺德树木园档案中他1910年拍摄的杜仲药皮运输照片，成为杜仲人文史的珍贵影像。
重要活动 / 事件
- 1899-1901年 首次为维奇苗圃赴华采集，1900年7月在宜昌附近采得杜仲果枝标本
- 1907-1909年 阿诺德树木园首次中国考察期间在鄂西系统采集杜仲
- 1907年11月15日 其杜仲植株经维奇苗圃运抵阿诺德树木园定植（14538*A号）
- 1910年 在重庆拍摄山民运送杜仲药皮的历史照片，现存阿诺德树木园档案馆
代表贡献
- 1900年为维奇苗圃采集杜仲（Wilson for Veitch 629号），种子送回英国库姆伍德苗圃繁育
- 1907年为阿诺德树木园采集杜仲W 383与383A号（采自鄂西栽培植株），覆盖雄花、雌花与果实各物候期
- 经他引种的杜仲（阿诺德树木园14538*A号，1907年到园）至今存活，为北美最早杜仲实物的来源之一
- 其杜仲采集记录被萨金特收入《Plantae Wilsonianae》(1913)，成为西方杜仲引种的权威档案
Profile
Collected Eucommia seeds and plants in China on two expeditions, laying the foundation for the species' introduction into Western gardens.
Story
Wilson was born in England in 1876 and worked successively for the Veitch nursery and Harvard University's Arnold Arboretum, making four collecting expeditions to China and introducing over a thousand plant species, including the dove tree and katsura. Eucommia was one of his important targets: in 1900 he collected material No. 629 from cultivated Eucommia near Yichang in western Hubei, and in 1907 he made collection W 383 for the Arnold Arboretum, establishing Eucommia firmly in European and American gardens.
Notably, Wilson never saw truly wild Eucommia in China, only large trees cultivated beside farmers' houses. He noted in his records that stripping the bark kills the tree, which explains the species' rarity in the wild. His 1910 photographs of Eucommia bark transport, preserved in the Arnold Arboretum archives, are precious images of the cultural history of Eucommia.
Milestones
- 1899–1901 First collecting trip to China for the Veitch nursery; in July 1900 collected fruiting-branch specimens of Eucommia near Yichang
- 1907–1909 Systematically collected Eucommia in western Hubei during the Arnold Arboretum's first China expedition
- 15 November 1907 His Eucommia plant arrived at the Arnold Arboretum via the Veitch nursery and was planted out (accession 14538*A)
- 1910 Photographed mountain folk transporting Eucommia medicinal bark in Chongqing; the historic images are now held in the Arnold Arboretum archives
Key Contributions
- In 1900 collected Eucommia for the Veitch nursery (Wilson for Veitch No. 629); the seed was sent back to the Coombe Wood nursery in England for propagation
- In 1907 collected Eucommia W 383 and 383A for the Arnold Arboretum (from cultivated plants in western Hubei), covering the phenological stages of male flowers, female flowers, and fruit
- A Eucommia he introduced (Arnold Arboretum accession 14538*A, received 1907) still survives and is one of the earliest documented Eucommia specimens in North America
- His Eucommia collection records were included by Sargent in Plantae Wilsonianae (1913), becoming the authoritative archive of the species' introduction to the West
i 杜仲 · 杜仲全产业链大数据平台i DuZhong · Eucommia Full-Chain Data Platform
iduzhong.factorydossier.com