苏颂
Su Song
人物简介
《本草图经》首绘杜仲图并详记形态、产地与食用价值。
事迹
苏颂（1020—1101），字子容，泉州南安人，北宋宰相、著名科学家。《本草图经》是他在全国性药物与药图普查基础上编成，原书已佚，杜仲条完整保存于《证类本草》等书的征引中。其对杜仲树高、叶形、皮质的描述，被现代本草考证认定为与杜仲科杜仲Eucommia ulmoides完全吻合。
苏颂首次记载了杜仲的多种用途：嫩叶采食称'檰芽'，主风毒脚气；花、实入药；木材作木屐'亦主益脚'。这与当代杜仲叶、雄花、杜仲胶综合利用的产业方向惊人一致，使《本草图经》杜仲条成为本草学史上信息最丰富的单药记述之一。
重要活动 / 事件
- 嘉祐二年（1057年）与掌禹锡等奉命校定本草，主持全国药图征集
- 元祐年间创制水运仪象台，为世界最早天文钟
- 《本草图经》杜仲条并转引《箧中方》杜仲补肾汤（配五味子、羊肾）
代表贡献
- 嘉祐年间奉诏编撰《本草图经》21卷（约1061年成书），为全国药物普查成果
- 详记杜仲形态：'木高数丈，叶如辛夷，亦类柘；其皮类厚朴，折之内有白丝相连'
- 补充宋代杜仲道地产区：'今出商州、成州、峡州近处大山中亦有之'
- 首载杜仲嫩叶可食'谓之檰芽'，'花、实苦涩，亦堪入药。木作屐，亦主益脚'
- 所附'成州杜仲'药图为现存最早的杜仲植物图像，形态与今杜仲相符
Profile
His Bencao Tujing (Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica) first illustrated Eucommia and detailed its morphology, provenance, and food value.
Story
Su Song (1020–1101), courtesy name Zirong, of Nan'an in Quanzhou, was a Northern Song chancellor and celebrated scientist. The Bencao Tujing was compiled on the basis of a nationwide survey of drugs and drug illustrations; the original is lost, but the Eucommia entry survives intact through quotation in the Zhenglei Bencao and other works. Modern textual research finds his description of the tree's height, leaf shape, and bark in complete agreement with Eucommia ulmoides of the Eucommiaceae.
Su Song first recorded Eucommia's multiple uses: tender leaves gathered as food called 'mian sprouts', treating wind-toxin beriberi; flowers and fruits used medicinally; and wood made into clogs 'also benefiting the feet'. This is strikingly consistent with today's industrial direction of comprehensive utilization of Eucommia leaves, male flowers, and Eucommia rubber, making the Bencao Tujing entry one of the most information-rich single-drug records in the history of materia medica.
Milestones
- In 1057 (Jiayou 2), with Zhang Yuxi and others, was ordered to collate the materia medica, directing a nationwide collection of drug illustrations
- During the Yuanyou era built the water-powered armillary sphere and celestial globe tower—the world's earliest astronomical clock
- The Eucommia entry in the Bencao Tujing also quotes the Eucommia kidney-tonifying decoction (with schisandra and goat kidney) from the Qiezhong Fang
Key Contributions
- By imperial decree during the Jiayou era compiled the 21-juan Bencao Tujing (completed c. 1061), the fruit of a nationwide drug survey
- Described Eucommia's morphology in detail: 'a tree several zhang tall, leaves like those of Xinyi (magnolia bud), also resembling zhe (Cudrania); its bark resembles Houpo, and when broken white threads connect within'
- Added the Song-era producing regions: 'today it comes from Shangzhou, Chengzhou, and Xiazhou, and also grows in the great mountains nearby'
- First recorded that Eucommia's tender leaves are edible, 'called mian sprouts', and that 'the flowers and fruits, bitter and astringent, are also fit for medicine; clogs made of its wood also benefit the feet'
- The appended drug illustration 'Eucommia of Chengzhou' is the earliest surviving botanical image of Eucommia, its morphology matching the modern species
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